Answer:
(i)
Narmada Bachao Andolan and the Tehri Dam Andolan, etc., were the movements to
resist large-scale displacement of local communities. Local people often had to
give up their land, livelihood and their control over resources for the greater
good of the nation.
(ii) Irrigation has changed
the cropping pattern from shifting to commercial crops. It is responsible for salinisation
of the soil. At the same time, it has its social impact by increasing the
social gap between the rich landowners and the landless poor.
(iii) Dams also created conflicts
between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water
resource. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated over the
priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(iv) Interstate water disputes
are also common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the
multi-purpose projects. For e.g., Krishna- Godavari dispute, is due to the
objections raised by Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh governments regarding the
diversion of more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government for a
multi-purpose project.
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