Answer:
The
three main characteristics used for a hierarchical classification are:
(i) Complexity of cell structure, i.e., type of cell?prokaryotic or
eukaryotic. As a eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles including a
nucleus, the cellular processes can be carried out efficiently in isolation
from cells. On the other hand, the organisms without a clearly demarcated
nucleus and other organelles need to have very different biochemical pathways.
This would naturally have a great effect on every aspect of cell design.
Moreover, the nucleated cells would have the capacity to
participate in making a multi cellular organism as they are capable of taking
up specialised functions.
(ii) Body organisation, i.e., whether the organism is
unicellular or multi cellular. In a eukaryotic multi cellular organism, cells
that group together to form a single organism use the principle of division of
labour. In this type of body design, all cells would not be identical. Rather,
groups of cells will carry out
specialised functions. Thus, this makes a very basic
distinction in the body
designs of organisms. As a result, an amoeba will be very
different in its body design from a fish.
(iii) Mode of nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Plants make their own food while animals depend on plants or other animals for
their food. For this they will definitely have different body design.
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