Answer:
(i)
Archimedes' principle: The Archimedes' principle states that if a body is immersed
in a fluid, wholly or partly, then it loses its weight equal to the weight of
fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body.
Experimental verification: Take a solid body which is heavier than water and
also insoluble in water. Suspend it from the hook of a spring balance to find
its weight in air as shown in Fig. (a).
Let its weight in air be .
Now take an overflow vessel filled with water up to the
overflow mark and place a measuring cylinder below the overflow tube as shown
in Fig. (b).
Now suspend the given solid from hook to spring balance
and lower the solid in the water till it is completely immersed in water.
Note the reading of the spring balance. It gives the
weight of solid body in water. Let it be .
Loss of weight in solid when immersed
in water .
The water which overflowed when solid was immersed is collected in the cylinder
placed below the overflow tube. Measure this volume.
Let it be V.
V = Volume of water
displaced by the solid immersed in it.
Then weight of water displaced by solid ,
where, density of water and
g= acceleration due to gravity.
It is found that i.e.,
loss in weight of solid when immersed in water is equal to the weight of the
water displaced by the body. This verifies Archimedes' principle.
(ii) Devices based on Archimedes' principle: Design of all
those devices which float in the fluid is based on Archimedes' principle. These
devices such as hydrometers, lactometers, balloons, boats and ships,
submarines, etc., work according to Archimedes' principle.
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