Answer:
Crop
variety improvement basically focuses on finding a crop variety that can
provide a good yield.
Factors for which crop improvement can be done are
(i) Higher yield Every farmer do agriculture, so
that he gets a good yield and he becomes economically stable. Crops need to be
improved, so that they provide good productivity per acre.
(ii) Improved quality Both quantity, quality should
also be of almost importance for crop improvement e.g., baking quality in
wheat, protein quality in pulses, oil quality in oilseeds should be given consideration,
while selecting a improved variety.
(iii) Wider adaptability Varieties should be
developed having wide adaptability, that will stabilise its growth in different
environmental conditions. (3)
There are two ways of getting a variety with desirable characteristics.
(i) Genetic manipulation Here a gene is introduced that
provides the desirable characters.
(ii) Hybridisation The most common method of obtaining
improved variety of crops is hybridisation. Hybridisation is the
cross between genetically dissimilar plants. (1)
It can be of three types
(i) Intervarietal Cross between two different
varieties.
(ii) Interespecific Cross between two different
species of the same genus.
(iii) Intereeneric Cross between two different
genera. (1)
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