Answer:
Different kinds of
irrigation systems are adopted to supply water to agricultural lands depending
on the kinds of water resources available. These include wells, canals, rivers
and tanks.
(a) Wells:
They are of two types?dug wells and tube wells. In dug wells, water is
collected from water bearing strata while in tube wells water is tapped from
the deeper strata. From these wells, water is lifted by pumps for irrigation.
(b) Canals:
Canal system is usually an elaborate and extensive irrigation system. Canals
receive water from one or more reservoirs or from rivers. The main canal is
divided into branch canals having further distributaries to irrigate fields.
(c) River lift systems: In this system, water is directly drawn from the riven for
supplementing irrigation in areas lying close to rivers. This system is used in
areas where canal flow is insufficient or irregular due to inadequate reservoir
release.
(d) Tanks:
Tanks are small storage reservoirs, which intercept and store the run-off of
smaller catchment areas.
Apart from the above systems, some new
initiatives have been undertaken for increasing the water available for
agriculture. These include rainwater harvesting system and watershed management
system. This involves building small check-dams which lead to an increase in
groundwater levels. These check-dams stop the rainwater from flowing away and
also reduce soil erosion.
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