Substance dissolved | Temperature (K) | ||||
283 | 293 | 313 | 333 | 353 | |
Solubility | |||||
Potassium nitrate | 21 | 32 | 62 | 106 | 167 |
Sodium chloride | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 |
Potassium chloride | 35 | 35 | 40 | 46 | 54 |
Ammonium chloride | 24 | 37 | 41 | 55 | 66 |
Answer:
(a) Solubility of potassium
nitrate at 313 K (given)
Mass of potassium nitrate = 62 g
Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g
Therefore, the mass of potassium nitrate
to obtain a saturated solution at
Thus, 31 g of potassium nitrate would be
needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 g of water at
313 K.
(b) On cooling, the solubility of a salt
decreases with the falling temperature Hence, the crystals of potassium
chloride will separate out on cooling.
(c) The solubilities of different salts at
20°C (i.e., 293 K) in 100 g of water are given in column 2 in the table. From
the given data, it is clear that ammonium chloride has the highest solubility
(37 g/100 g of water).
(d) Generally, the solubility of a salt
increases with the increasing temperature. However, from the data given in the
table, it is apparent that the solubility of sodium chloride changes very
little with increasing temperature.
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