Answer:
(i) Nitrogen Fixation It is the process of converting atmospheric
nitrogen into water soluble nitrates.
This process is carried out by nitrogen fixing bacteria, e.g.,
Rhizobium and blue-green algae.
(ii) Conversion of Nitrates into Biomolecules The nitrates
or nitrites formed are converted into amino acids by plants which get condensed
to give proteins and some other nitrogen containing complex compounds.
(iii) Ammonification It is a process of decomposing dead
organic matter into ammonia. It is carried out by microorganisms living in
soil, e.g.. Decay bacteria and fungi.
(iv) Nitrification It is the process of conversion of ammonia
into nitrites and then into nitrates. This is done by nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonos
and Nitrobacter).
(v) Denitrification It is the process of reducing nitrates
present in soil to release nitrogen gas back into atmosphere, e.g.,
Pseudomonas.
This cycle is said to be perfect cycle in biosphere because
it maintains the overall amount of nitrogen constant in atmosphere, soil and
water.
Two leguminous plants, which can fix free atmospheric nitrogen are pea
and bean.
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