Answer:
There
is a balance between the CO2 which occurs at the Earth's surface, CO2 dissolved in oceans, and that found in marine
and terrestrial sediments. The burning of fossil fuels increases the amount of
CO2 in the atmosphere causing air pollution. Plants control air
pollution because during the process of photosynthesis, they take in CO2
from the atmosphere and in turn release O2. Thus, decreasing the
level of CO2 in the atmosphere.
If
the Sun heated the Earth's surface equally there would be no pressure difference
and thus no movement of air. This would ultimately result in an increased
surface temperature.
Oxides
of nitrogen combine chemically in sunlight and produce hydrocarbons, peroxyacetal
nitrate (PAN), and ozone which are commonly known as photochemical smog. This
is very harmful and makes eyes watery, affects the growth of plants by checking
the rate of photosynthesis and increases the rate of transpiration.
The
following are the major factors which lead to water pollution:
(i) The addition of undesirable substances to water bodies. For example, addition
of industrial wastes containing poisonous salts like pesticides, insecticides,
etc. are fatal for aquatic life.
(ii) The removal of desirable substances from water
bodies. For example, depletion of dissolved oxygen and nutrients, this has
adverse effects on aquatic life.
(iii) Change in temperature of water in the water bodies.
The aquatic animals are adapted to live under certain temperature range. A
sudden change of temperature may affect breeding of aquatic animals, their eggs
and larvae, etc. For example, pouring of water at very high temperature from
nuclear reactors may cause death of fishes and aquatic animals. Similarly,
pouring cold water from dams also affects aquatic life adversely.
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