Answer:
The
forest department took control of the forests by introducing the forest Act of
1865 and 1878.
(i) After this, some people benefitted from the new opportunities, they
left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products.
(ii) From the medieval period onwards adivasi communities were
trading elephants and other goods like hides, horns, silk cocoons, ivory
bamboo, spices, fibres, grasses, gums, resins, etc.
(iii) The British Government took total control of the
trade in forest products. They gave many large European trading firms the sole
right to trade in the forest products of particular areas.
(iv) Grazing and hunting by local people were restricted.
Many pastoralist and nomadic communities like the Korava, Karacha, Yerukula of
Madras Presidency and Banjaras lost their livelihoods.
(v) Sometribals were branded as 'criminal tribes' and they
lost their old occupations and
were forced to work in factories, mines and plantation under government supervision
and were offered a very low wage,. In this way, the lives of forest-dwellers
were completely changed after the forest department took over control of the
forests.
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