Answer:
(a)
To satisfy basic needs is different at different times and in different
countries. Each country uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate
for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms.
(b) The two common methods to measure poverty lines are
(i) Consumption method Determining the poverty line in
India is based on the desired calorie requirement.
The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400
calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day
in urban areas.
(ii) Income method For the year 2000, the poverty line for
a person was fixed at 328 per month for the rural areas and 454 for the urban
areas.
(c) National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) conducts sample
surveys to estimate poverty lines.
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