Answer:
Following
are the major poverty alleviation programmes initiated or implemented by the
government of India
Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
(i) This programme was launched in 1993.
(ii)It is aimed at providing self-employment opportunity
to educated unemployed youth in the rural and urban areas.
(iii) Under this programme scheduled banks provide loans
at a lower interest rate to start small business and set up industries.
Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)
(i) This programme was launched in 1995.
(ii) The aim of the programme is to create self-employment
opportunity in rural areas and small towns.
(iii) A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for
this programme under the tenth five year plan.
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
(i) This scheme was launched in 1999.
(ii)This programme aims at bringing the rural poor families
above the poverty line,
(iii) To achieve this goal, it organises them into self
help groups (SHGs) through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)
(i) This programme was launched in 2000.
(ii)Under the programme the central government provides
additional assistance to the state government for improving basic services in
the village.
(iii) The major basic services covered under this programme
are primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water
and rural electrification.
National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)
(i) This programme was launched in 2004 in 150 most backward
districts of the country.
(ii) This programme is open to all rural poor who are in need
of wage employment and desire to do manual unskilled work.
(iii) It is implemented as a 100% centrally sponsored scheme.
(iv) Under this scheme, food grains are provided we cost
to the states.
(v) Later this scheme was merged with NREGA.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)
(i) This Act was passed in September 2005.
(ii) This Act is now renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA).
(iii) This act provides 100 days assured employment every year
to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended
to 600 districts.
(iv) One third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women.
(v) The central government will establish National Employment
Guarantee Funds (NEGF). The state governments will also establish State
Employment Guarantee Funds (SEGF) for implementation of scheme.
(vi) Under this programme if an applicant is not provided employment
within 15 days, he/she will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
(i) This scheme was launched in December 2000.
(ii) One crore of the poorest among the BPL families were covered
under the targeted PDS.
(iii) 25 kg of food gains were made available to each eligible
family at a highly subsidized rate 2 per kg for wheat and 3 per kg for rice.
(iv) This quantity has been enhanced from 25 kg to 35 kg with
effect from April 2002.
(v) Now almost two crore families are covered under this scheme.
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