Answer:
The Jacobin Club was formed by Maximilian
Robespierre. The measures taken or adopted were
(i)
Formation of political clubs: Large sections of the society were convinced that
the revolution had to be carried further, as the Constitution of 1791 gave
political rights only to the richer sections of the society. Political clubs
became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government
policies and plan their own forms of action.
(ii)
Members of the Jacobin Club: Its members were from less prosperous sections of
society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans like shoemakers, pastry
cooks, watch-makers and daily wage earners. A large number of members of the
Jacobin Club decided to wear long striped trousers, to look apart. They also
wore red caps to symbolise freedom.
(iii)
All citizens got the right to vote: On the morning of 10 August 1792, Jacobins
stormed the Palace of Tuileries, massacred the King's guards and held the King
hostage for several hours. Later, they voted to imprison the royal family. Then
the assembly declared that elections would be held to form a government. All
men above 21 years of age regardless of wealth got the right to vote.
(iv)
Declaration of France as a Republic: The newly elected assembly was called
'Convention'. On 21 September 1792, it abolished the monarchy and declared
France as a Republic. Now people elected their government. There was no
hereditary monarchy.
(v)
End of Monarchy: Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charges of
betraying his own country. On 21 January 1793, he was executed publicly at the
Place de la Concorde. The queen, Marie Antoinette also met with the same fate.
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