Answer:
Ideas of having a society based on freedom
and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by the French
philosophers.
(i)
John Locke: Locke wrote, 'Two Treatises of Government'. In this book, he criticised
the divine and absolute rights of the rulers.
(ii)
John Jacques Rousseau: Rousseau had written his viewpoints in his book, 'The
Social Contract'. He had put forward the idea of formation of a government
based on a social contract between people and their representatives.
(iii)
Montesquieu: His ideas were proposed in his book, 'The Spirit of the Laws'.
According to him, there should be a division of power between the three
important organs - the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
The
ideas of these philosophers were discussed by common people in salons and
coffee houses and inspired them to fight for their rights.
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