Answer:
(i) Modulating index for an AM wave is defined as the ratio of change in the amplitude of the carrier wave to the amplitude of the original carrier wave. \[\text{ }\!\!\mu\!\!\text{ =}\frac{\text{Change in the amplitde of carrier wave}}{\text{Amplitude of the original carrier wave}}\] \[=\frac{{{A}_{m}}}{{{A}_{c}}}\] (ii) When \[{{A}_{m}}\] exceeds \[{{A}_{c}}\], the carrier is over-modulated\[{{A}_{c}}(\mu >1),\], which causes distortion during reception. That is why \[{{A}_{m}}\] is kept less than \[{{A}_{c}}\].
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