Answer:
(a) Treaty of Versailles. This treaty was signed between Germany and the allied powers. Germany surrendered Alsace-Lorraine to France and also agreed to allow the latter to tap the coal fields of the Saar Valley for a period of 15 years as compensation for the destruction of French coal fields in the north. Following a plebiscite Eupen and Malmedy were given to Belgium and Schleswig was given back to Denmark. (b) Silesia, Posen and Thorn were given to Poland and Danzig became a free port under the control of the League of Nations. The Polish Corridor was created to give Poland access to the Baltic sea and cut of East Prussia from the rest of Germany. (c) Germany had also to forego all rights to its African colonies and all privileges in China. The allied powers were to hold these as Mandates for the League of Nations. (d) To curb German militarism, Germany was allowed an army of only 100,000 men but could not have tanks, warplanes or submarines. The German fleet was to be handed over to Britain to be destroyed. A belt of territory, 30 mile wide to the east of the river Rhine was demilitarised while the Kiev Canal was thrown open to all nations. (e) Germany was declared guilty of starting the war and the Kaiser was to stand trial for war crimes. Germany was to pay compensation to the Allies for the damages and losses suffered during the war. (f) Thus, Germany was reduced to the status of a second rate power. This made the German people angry and biner, fuelled a desire for revenge, led to the rise of Hitler and created conditions for the outbreak of the Second World War.
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