A) \[2qE\] and minimum.
B) \[qE\] and \[pE\]
C) zero and minimum
D) \[qE\] and maximum
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
[c] An electric dipole is an arrangement of two equal and opposite charges placed at a distance 2 L The dipole is placed in electric field as such its dipole moment is in direction of electric field as shown in figure |
Now force on the charge q is \[{{F}_{2}}=qE\] along the direction of E and force on charge \[-q\] is\[{{F}_{1}}=-qE\] in the direction opposite to E. |
Since forces on the dipole are equal and opposite, so net force on the electric dipole is zero. |
Now potential energy of the dipole. |
\[U=-pE\cos \theta \] |
where \[\theta \] is the angle between direction of electric field and direction of dipole moment. |
\[\therefore \] \[\theta ={{0}^{o}}\] |
Hence, \[U=-pE\cos {{0}^{o}}=-pE\] (minimum) |
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