Answer:
(i) A moderator slows down the fast moving neutrons produced during the fission. (ii) Control rods absorb the excess neutrons and hence control the chain reaction. (iii) The coolant removes the heat produced during fission and transfers it from the core of the reactor to the surroundings. (iv) The heavy water acts both as a moderator and a coolant. Given \[_{92}^{236}X\to _{a}^{141}\Upsilon +_{36}^{b}Z+3_{0}^{1}n\] By conservation of mass, \[141+b+3\times 1=236\] \[b=\text{ 236 }-\text{ 144 }=\text{ 92}\] By conservation of charge, \[a+36+3\times 0=92\] \[\therefore \] \[a=92-36=56\] Mass defect \[=m(X)-[m(\Upsilon )+m(Z)+3{{m}_{n}}]\] \[=235.891-[140.673+91.791+3\times 1.009]\] \[=235.891-235.491=0.4\text{amu}\] \[=0.4\times 931\text{MeV = }\mathbf{372}\mathbf{.4MeV}\]
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