Answer:
(a) Kulaks. It is the Russian name for well to do peasants. Stalin took the decision to develop modern farms and run them along industrial lines. For this purpose it was necessary to eliminate kulaks, take away their lands and establish state controlled large farms. Stalin's collectivization plan was bitterly resisted by the kulaks, many of whom destroyed their livestock. Thousands of kulaks were executed when they attempted to withhold their lands from collectivization. Many others were imprisoned or exiled. (b) Duma. The Russian parliament or legislature. Its members were elected and charged with the responsibility of making laws. An elected Duma came into being after the 1905 Revolution. But friction between its members allowed power to slowly slip back into the Tsar's hand. The Tsar dismissed the First Duma within 75 days and re-elected second Duma within three months. He changed the voting laws and packed the third Duma with conservative politicians. Liberals and revolutionaries were kept out. (c) Due to industrialization, women began to work in factories. On 22nd February 1917, many women became the leaders in organizing strikes in factories. This day came to be called as the International Women's Day. (d) Liberals: They wanted to change society and wanted a nation which was secular in nature. They also wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They believed in an elected parliamentary government but did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise. They believed only men of property should be given the right to vote. Women, according to them, should not be given the right to vote.
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