Answer:
(a) Russia's defeat in the 1905 Russo-Japanese war brought all the simmering discontentment of the Russian people to the forefront. Affected adversely by the impact of the war on the economy, the people had to face the brunt of high prices and scarcity of essential commodities. They were also bitterly humiliated by the reverses which Russia had suffered. (b) On 22nd January, a mass of peaceful workers with their wives and children led by Father Gapon decided to present a petition to the Tsar. They carried icons and pictures of their 'little father' and sang religious and patriotic songs. (c) The Tsar was not present and the palace guards panicked by the vast numbers, opened fire on the unarmed and relatively unexpressive crowd. This day in Russian history is known as Blood Sunday. (d) This incident provoked unprecedented disturbances throughout Russia. Disturbances spread to practically every region of the country and affected nearly all social classes. Sections of the arm) and navy revolted. The crew of the battleship Potemkin demonstrated sympathy with the striking workers by bombarding Odessa. (e) In this revolution, a new form of organization developed which was to playa leading role in the, Russian Revolution. This was the 'Soviet' or the council of worker's representatives who began. As committees to conduct strikes and later became the instruments of political power. (f) Yielding to popular pressure, the Tsar introduced the October manifesto which granted freedom of speech, Press and association and conferred the power to make laws upon an elected body called the 'Duma'.
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