JEE Main & Advanced Mathematics Probability Question Bank Use of permutations and combinations in probability

  • question_answer
    Two numbers a and b are chosen at random from the set of first 30 natural numbers. The probability that \[{{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}\]is divisible by 3 is

    A)            \[\frac{9}{87}\]                       

    B)            \[\frac{12}{87}\]

    C)            \[\frac{15}{87}\]                     

    D)            \[\frac{47}{87}\]

    Correct Answer: D

    Solution :

                       The total number of ways of choosing two numbers out of \[1,\,\,2,\,\,3,\,\,.........,\,30\] is \[{}^{30}{{C}_{2}}=435.\]            Since \[{{a}^{2}}-{{b}^{2}}\] is divisible by 3 if either \[a\] and b both are divisible by 3 or none of a and b is divisible by 3. Thus the favourable number of cases = \[^{10}{{C}_{2}}+{{\,}^{20}}{{C}_{2}}=235\].            Hence the required probability = \[\frac{235}{435}=\frac{47}{87}\].


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