question_answer

Describe Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) Technology. Give an example where this technology has been

OR

Assemble the usage of vectors given below in genetic engineering and plasmid?

(i) pBR 322

(ii) BAC,YAC

(iii) Cosmids and Phasmids

(iv) Transposons

(v) Shuttle vectors

(vi) Agrobacterium tumefaciens

 

Answer:

In MOET, first super ovulation (production of 6 -8 eggs per cycle) is induced by some hormones like FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone). The female is then mated with a superior male or artificially inseminated. The resultant fertilized eggs at 8-32 cells stage are taken out of the womb. They further develop till birth in the uterus of another female animal (called surrogate mother).

This technology has been applied for herd improvement in catties. The cow is given a hormone which induce follicular maturation and produces 6-8 eggs per cycle. It is then mated with an elite bull. At 8-32 cells these fertilized eggs are transfered to surrogate mother and the cow is again ready for ovulation. This method is applied to some other animals like sheep, rabbits, buffaloes, mares etc. for high milk yielding and high quality of meat yielding animals.

OR

(i)  pBR 322 is a plasmids vectors used in laboratories and is extracted from E.coli it has many advantages so is preferred to other vectors for instance it has small size, easy to use, speedy growth as reproduction life spans and genes can be transferred easily.

(ii) (BAC) Bacterial Artificial Chromosome and Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) are used for genomic mapping/ sequencing h project as can carry large amount of genetic material

(iii) A cosmid is a type of hybrid plasmid that contains a lambda phage cos sequence. Phagemid or phasmid are the vectors which are composed of M 13 phage DNA and bacterial plasmid.

(iv) Transposons: Also called jumping genes, are sequences of DNA that move (or jump) from one location in genome to another.

(v) Shuttle vectors: There are available in both eukaryotic cells and E. coli (a prokaryote)

They are of two type

(1) container of cos-site

(2) comprises of selectable marker genes.

(vi) Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a tumour inducing bacteria having Ti plasmid that works as a natural genetic engineer.