Answer:
The replacement of white coloured moth by dark coloured melanic species due to industrial smoke is called industrial melanism. It is a very nice example of natural selection in which a normal trait is changed in response to a changing environment to produce better adapted individuals.
This is because during industrialisation, the tree trunks covered by white lichens became dark due to air pollution (dust and soot particles). Due to this, white-winged moths could be easily eaten by the predators as they failed in camouflaging-(hide or disguise the pesence of a person, animal or object by means of camouflage).
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