question_answer

                                                 

Give reasons for the following.

(i) Neutrophils and macrophages are called soldiers and scavengers of the body.

(ii) One should avoid driving after consuming alcohol.

(iii) Give the scientific name of the pathogen causing malignant malaria in humans.

Or

(i) Mutations can be beneficial in plant breeding. Justify the statement with the help of an example.

(ii) Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production during green revolution.

Answer:

(i) Neutrophils and macrophages dispose off microbes and dead cells by phagocytosing them. Hence, they are called soldiers and scavengers of the body.

(ii) Consumption of alcohol causes blurred vision, slow response, impaired judgement and reduced coordination of limbs. Hence, one should avoid driving after consuming alcohol.

(iii) Plasmodium falciparum is the pathogen that causes malignant malaria in hum

Or

(i) Inducing mutations in plants through diverse means and then screening the plants for resistance against various diseases, sometimes lead to the detection of desirable genes. Plants having these desirable characters can then be either multiplied directly or can be used in breeding.

For example, resistance to yellow mosaic virus in bhindi (Abelmoschas esculentus) was transferred from a wild species and resulted in a new variety of A. esculentus known as Parbhani Kranti.

(ii) Plant breeding technology used during green revolution has made us self-sufficient in food production. This has eventually helped in the development of high yielding and disease - resistant varieties of wheat, rice, maize, etc.