Answer:
Increased concentrations of phosphorus and nitrates from industries and residences, etc., in a water body act as nutrients and accelerate the growth of algae that may form a mat on the water surface. This increased productivity is called accelerated eutrophication.
Consequences, (i) Eutrophication leads to lowering of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water body leading to death of aquatic life. (ii) Nitrates from fertilizers and detergents contaminate drinking water leading to decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin in human beings.
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