question_answer

(i)  Which microbes are responsible for producing following products?

(a) Bread

(b) Swiss cheese

(c) Penicillin

(d) Statin

(e) Streptokinase

(ii) Explain, how are microbes important for humans?

OR

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

 

Answer:

(i)  (a) Bread - Saccharomyces cerevisiae

(b) Swiss cheese - Propionibacterium sharmanii

(c) Penicillin - Penicillium notatum

(d) Statin - Monascus purpureus

(e) Streptokinase - Streptococcus

(ii) Microbes are found everywhere, i.e., in soil, water, in/on plants, animals, human, etc. They play very important role in human life in many ways. For example.

(a) In food products like baking bread, idii, cheese, beer, wine, vinegar, etc.

(b) Enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics, organic acids and alcohols are commercially manufactured from the

microoganisms.

(c) Viral, bacterial and protozoans have been used to develop vaccines for protection from dysentery, typhoid, cholera, etc.

OR

Dairy farm management deals with the processes, which aims at improving the quality and quantity of milk production. Milk production is dependent on choosing improved cattle breeds, provision of proper feed for cattle, maintaining proper shelter facilities and regular cleaning of cattle.

Measure that should be under taken in order to improve the quality and quantity of milk production are

(a) Identification of improved cattle breeds is an important condition of cattle management. Hybrid cattle breeds are essential for the improved productivity. Therefore, it is necessary that hybrid cattle breeds should have a mixture of various desirable genes such as high milk yield and resistance to disease.

(b) Cattle should be fed in scientific manner with healthy and nutritious food consisting of roughage, fibre concentrates and high levels of proteins and other nutrients.

(c) They should be housed-well and kept in ventilated roofs to prevent them from heat, cold and rain.

(d) Animals should be kept in disease-free conditions. Regular bath and brushing should be ensured to control disease. Visit of a veterinary doctor is necessary on regular basis.