Answer:
(a)
(i) The d-orbital in transition elements are not of equal energy and d-orbital
are partially filled.
As
a result electron may be promoted from one d level to another d level by absorbing
visible light. As a result, the compound has the colour complement to the adsorbed
light.
e.g.,
appears
blue by absorbing red light.
(ii)
Transition elements exhibit variable valency because the energy of (n - 1)
d-orbital and ns orbital are of comparable energy, e.g., Sc shows + 2 and + 3
oxidation state.
1
(iii)
Because of small size of their atoms, 0 and F can form strong bonds which may also
facilitate the multiple bonding. 1
(b)
In acidic medium, oxidizes
oxalic acid into
1
or
In
acidic medium, KMn04 oxidizes into.
or
1
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