question_answer

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:

Before performing an operation in a hospital, a doctor administers a drug or a gas to make the patient unconscious of pain. This state of unconsciousness is known as anesthesia (= anaesthesia), which is taken from a Greek word meaning Toss of feeling'. The substance causing loss of feeling is called an anesthetic (= anaesthesia).

The discovery of anesthetics in the 19th century was one of the greatest achievements in the field of medicine. Before anesthetics, operations were done in very rare cases. Patients needing surgery were given alcohol or various drugs extracted from plant juices to dull the pain. Even then, operations were always very painful and were undertaken only in extreme emergencies. Today, with effective anesthetics, it is possible to produce many hours of pain-free unconsciousness, and this enables surgeons to perform complex, life-saving operations.

The methods of anesthesia are: general, spinal and local. A general anesthetic puts the patient to sleep and is used for all major operations. A spinal anesthetic is given in case of surgery on the lower abdomen or legs. Injected into the spinal canal, it abolishes sensation in the lower part of the body, but the patient remains awake and fully conscious during the operation. A local anesthetic removes sensation only in that part of the body which is being operated on.

Dentists may give local anesthetic before extracting or filling teeth, and doctors do so in minor cases, such as sewing up small cuts or opening on abscess.

A medical doctor who specializes in giving an anesthetic is called an anesthesiologist or an anesthetist. Before a major operation, an injection into the arm puts the patient to sleep. The anesthetist then puts a mask on the patient's face through which he breathes in an anesthetic gas. This is kept in special containers. The anesthetist operates a machine that controls the amount of gas a patient receives. While breathing in the gas, the patient sleeps and feels no pain.

A. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions.

(i) Who is an anesthetist? What is the purpose of anesthetics?

(ii) How were operations performed before the discovery of anesthetics?

(iii) How are anesthetics effective in today's scenario?

(iv) Discuss the different methods of anesthesia.

B. Complete the following table:

Type of anesthetic	Purpose of giving
(a) ...............	Major operation
(b) ...............	Manor operation
C. Find the word from the passage which mean the same as: (i) applies (para 1) (ii) part of body below the chest/ containing the stomach, bowels and digestive organs (para 3)

 

Answer:

A (i) A medical doctor who is a specialist in giving an anesthetic is an anesthetist. Anesthetics are used to make the patient unconscious of pain.

(ii) Before anesthetics operations were done in only very rare cases. Patients needing surgery were given alcohol or various drugs extracted from plant juices to dull the pain. Even then the operations were very painful and were undertaken only in emergencies.

(iii) Today, it is possible to produce many hours of pain-free unconsciousness, which enables the surgeons to perform complex, life-saving operations.

(iv) There are three different methods of anesthesia: general, spinal and local. The general anesthetic puts the patient to sleep. A spinal anesthetic is given in case of surgery on the lower part of the body. A local anesthetic removes sensation only in that part of the body which is being operated on.

B (i) General anesthetic

(ii) Local anesthetic

C (i) administers

(ii) abdomen