| Consider the following statements regarding artesian aquifer. |
| 1. It is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under negative pressure. |
| 2. It is a geologic layer of porous and impermeable material such as sand and gravel, limestone or sandstone. |
| 3. The Great Artesian basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, |
| Which of the statements) given above is/are correct? |
A) Only 1
B) Only 2
C) Only 3
D) 2 and 3
Correct Answer: D
Solution :
[d] An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under positive pressure. This causes the water level in a well to rise to a point, where hydrostatic equilibrium has been reached. This type of well is called an artesian well. Water may even reach the ground surface if the natural pressure is high enough, in which case the well is called a flowing artesian well. An aquifer is a geologic layer of porous and permeable material such as sand and gravel, limestone or sandstone, through which water flows and is stored. An artesian aquifer is confined between impermeable rocks or clay which causes this positive pressure. The recharging of aquifers happens when the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well. Fossil water aquifers can also be artesia if they are under sufficient pressure from the surrounding rocks. This is similar to how many newly tapped oil wells are pressurised. The Great Artesian basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, covering 23% of the Australian continent.
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