| List I (Soils) | List II (Region/Slate) | ||
| A. | Terai soils | 1. | Maharashtra |
| B. | Red soils | 2. | Uttar Pradesh |
| C. | Black soils | 3. | Odisha |
| D. | Laterite soils | 4. | Western Ghats |
A) A\[\to \]1, B\[\to \]3, C\[\to \]2, D\[\to \]4
B) A\[\to \]2, B\[\to \]3, C\[\to \]1, D\[\to \]4
C) A\[\to \]4, B\[\to \]2, C\[\to \]3, D\[\to \]1
D) A\[\to \]3, B\[\to \]4, C\[\to \]2, D\[\to \]1
Correct Answer: B
Solution :
The Terai is a plain landscape south of the outer foothills of the Himalaya, the Siwalik Hills, and north of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and their tributaries. This lowland belt is characterised by tall grasslands, scrub savannah, sal forests and clay rich swamps. In northern India, the Terai spreads eastward from the Yamuna River across Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Red soil is a group of soil that develop in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forests and that have thin organic and organic-mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached layer resting on an illuvial red layer. Red soils generally derived from crystalline rock. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to cultivate because of its low water holding capacity. Red soils denote the second largest soil group of India covering an area of about 6.1 lakhs sq. km (18.6% of India's area) over the Peninsula from Tamil Nadu in the south to Bundelkhand in the north and Rajmahal hills in the east to kachchh in the west. They surround the black soils on their south, east and north. Black soil in India is rich in metals such as Iron, Magnesium and Aluminum. However it is deficient in Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorous and humus. Black soil is of red colour mainly due to its iron oxide content. This soil shares 15 % of all types of soil in India. These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava-flow. It is concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract which includes parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya -Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Laterite is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
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