Answer:
(a) The excretory unit of human kidney is nephron.
Its diagram is given below
(3)
(b) Nephron takes part in filtration, reabsorption and selective secretion to form urine. (1)
(c) Artificial kidneys helps in removal of toxins, relieve uraemia and remove wastes in patients with damaged kidneys. (1)
Or
(a)
(b) It is necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds, because they need high energy and large amount of oxygen. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood provides high oxygen supply to the organs. (2)
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