Answer:
The three events responsible for the
Revolution of 1905 were
(i)
Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 brought all the simmering
discontent of the Russian people to the forefront. High prices, scarcity of
essential commodities and the national humiliation due to defeat in the war
against Japan added to the already existing adverse
conditions. (1)
(ii)
On a Sunday in 1905, strikes took place all over the country and student
walk-outs forced universities to close down. Professionals and middle class
workers demand for a Constituent Assembly led to the creation of the Duma. A
new form of organization called 'Soviets' developed. All these were the outcome
of the incident of 'bloody
Sunday'. (1)
(iii)
The incident provoked disturbances in practically every part of the country and
among every social class. Sections of the army and navy revolted and sympathized
with the revolutionaries. (1)
Two important effects of the revolution
were
(i) In this revolution, a new
form of organization called the 'Soviets' developed. These 'Soviets' which
began as committees to conduct strikes, later became the instruments of
political power. (1)
(ii) The Tsar yielded to
political pressure and introduced the October manifesto which granted freedom
of speech, press and association and conferred the power to make laws upon an
elected body, called the 'Duma.' (1)
Or
After becoming the Chancellor of
Germany (1933), Hitler captured all powers. In the following ways the Nazi
state seek to establish total control over its people
(i) All political parties and
trade unions were banned except the Nazi Party and its affiliates.
(ii) The state established total control
over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
(iii)
Germany became almost a police state. Special surveillance, security forces,
secret state police (Gestapo) were created to control the society.
(iv) The Nazi rule glorified war
and chose the path of war as a way out of the economic crisis.
(v)
The Nazi rule targeted the Jews as the cause of all miseries and undertook
genocidal war against the Jews.
(vi)
Hitler introduced a massive programme of militarization to enhance the military
power of Germany and to restore her international honour and
glory.
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