Answer:
The Russian Revolution is the
collective term for a series of revolution in Russia in 1917. The Emperor was
forced to abdicate and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government
during the first revolution of February, 1917.In the second revolution, during
October, the provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik Government.
The main circumstance which were
responsible for the Russian Revolution are
(i) Russia's own industries were
few in numbers and the industrial workers were exploited extremely.
(ii)
In Russia 85 per cent of people were agriculturists. The king, nobles and
church owned large landed properties. Like the industrial workers, peasants
also lived in miserable conditions.
(iii) Russia had an autocracy. Tsar
Nicholas II was a deeply conservative ruler and maintained a strict
authoritarian system. He cared little for the general people. He dragged the
Russian into the First World War.
(iv) Kari Marx's theory of
Communism appealed to the people. He said that workers had to overthrow
capitalism and the rule of capitalists by the revolution.
(v) The popularity of Bolshevik
party increased steadily under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks
had formed committees and Soviets and created conditions which eventually led
to the Russian Revolution. (5)
Or
The problems faced by the Weimar
Republic in Germany were
(i) The Weimar Republic had to
sign the humiliating Treaty of Versailles.
(ii)
This Republic carried the burden of war guilt and was financially crippled by
being forced to pay compensation.
(iii)
Hyperinflation made the German Mark valueless and caused immense hardship for
the common man. This economic crisis led to widespread inflation, misery and
despair.
(iv) In the Weimar Republic, both the
communists and socialists became irreconcilable enemies and could not make common
cause against Hitler.
(v) Both revolutionaries and militant
nationalists craved for radical solutions, which was not easy. Within its short
life, the Weimar Republic saw twenty different cabinets and the liberal use of
Article 48. All these created apolitical crisis in Germany.
(vi) It became very unpopular among
the German, because it lost the pride of the nation in the hands of Allied powers.
(5)
You need to login to perform this action.
You will be redirected in
3 sec