Answer:
(a) (i) Food can be made safe by
treating it with different things and ensuring its hygiene. For example,
milkcan be made safe by heating it and then packing it in the sterilized
containers. Drinking water can bemade safe by treating it with chlorine. Many
food items like jam, pickles, drinks, etc can be made safeby the use of
preservatives.
(ii) For a long time, it was
believed that some substances called ptomaine's were the agents of food poisoning.
But it was later discovered that these ptomaine's, found in rotten food, can be
swallowed without the harmful effects that follow it.
(iii) If we remain alert and
cautious about the hygiene of the food that we intake, then food poisoning can
be prevented. Food poisoning happens when food contaminated by harmful bacteria
is consumed.
(iv) In 1888, about 60 people,
who had eaten meat from the same animal, were taken ill and one man died. Dr Gaertner,
a German bacteriologist was able to isolate the food poisoning bacteria
(Salmonella) which had caused the outbreak; and put forward the theory that all
food poisoning was due to the presence of such bacteria.
(b) (i) (c) Food contamination
is a new problem that people are facing.
(ii) (a) treating it with
chlorine.
(iii) (c) food poisoning
bacteria.
(iv) (b) Ptomaines
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