question_answer

Characteristic X-rays are produced due to:

A)  transfer of momentum in collision of electrons with target atoms

B)  transition of electrons from higher to lower electronic orbits of an atom

C)  heating of the target

D)  transfer of energy in collision of electrons with atoms in the target

Correct Answer: B

Solution :

Key Idea: When atom comes from higher to lower energy states, it radiates energy. Atom of a particular element has some characteristic energy levels or states. Ordinarily all atoms remain in their lowest energy state. When they receive appropriate energy from outside they leave the lowest energy state and go to some excited state of higher state. When an atom returns from a higher energy state to a lower energy state it radiates energy. Hence, characteristic X-rays are produced due to transition of electron from higher to lower electron orbits in an atom.