A) they are non-ionic
B) their \[C{{a}^{2+}}\] and \[M{{g}^{2+}}\] salts are insoluble in water
C) their \[C{{a}^{2+}}\] and \[M{{g}^{2+}}\] salts are water soluble
D) they are highly soluble in water
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
Synthetic detergents are salts of sulphonic acid or alkyl hydrogen sulphates. Their oil-soluble (lyophilic) part is the hydrocarbon chain and the water soluble part may be (I) an anionic group (II) a cationic group (III) a non-ionic group. \[C{{H}_{3}}-{{(C{{H}_{2}})}_{10}}C{{H}_{2}}OSO_{3}^{-}N{{a}^{+}}\] sodium lauryl sulphate synthetic detergents are more effective in hard water than soaps because their \[C{{a}^{2+}}\] and \[M{{g}^{2+}}\] salts are soluble in water. They are resistant to bacterial attack and are not fully degraded in sewage treatment plants. Their discharge into the river causes a serious pollution problem.
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