A) wilting
B) abscission
C) plasmolysis
D) senescence
Correct Answer: D
Solution :
Senescence is a collective, progressing and deteriorative developmental process, which ultimately reads to complete loss of organisation and function of plant/plant part. It is the result of ageing that finally leads is death. It results due to increased entropy, cellular breakdown, reduced homeostasis, increased metabolic, failure and error of DNA replication etc. It usually occurs during the period between reproductive maturity and death. The study of ageing, senescence and abscission is known as Phytogerontology. Wilting is defined as loss of turgidity causing foldeing and drooping of leaf and other soft aerial parts of the plant due to rate of water absorption being less than the rate of loss of transpiration. Abscission is shedding of leaves, fruits or flowers by a plant. It occurs due to a change in the hormonal balance, when auxin level is decreased. A special narrow zone called abscission zone develops in the area of future abscission, which is made up of parenchymatous cells. Plasmolysis is the shrinkage of protoplast from the cell wall due to exosmosis caused by hypertonic external solution. Permanent plasmolysis causes death.
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