| Terms sometimes seen in the news | Their origin | |
| 1. | Annex-I Countries | Cartagena protocol |
| 2. | Certified emissions reductions | Nagoya protocol |
| 3. | Clean development mechanism | Kyoto protocol |
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) Only 3
D) 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
Exp. [c] Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), defined in Article 12 of the Protocol, allows a country with an emission-reduction or emission-limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol (Annex B Party) to implement an emission-reduction project in developing countries. Such projects can earn Saleable Certified Reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of\[C{{O}_{2}}\], which can be counted towards meeting Kyoto targets. The mechanism is seen by many as a trailblazer. It is the first global, environmental investment and credit scheme of its kind, providing a standardised emissions offset instrument, CERs. A CDM project activity might involve, for example, a rural electrification project using solar panels or the installation of more energy efficient boilers. The mechanism stimulates sustainable development and emission reductions, while giving industrialised countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction or limitation targets. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Scaring of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation (ABS) to the Convention on Biological Diversity is a supplementary agreement to the convention on Biological Diversity. Its provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources. The cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological diversity is an international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling transport and use of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological diversity taking also into account risks to human health. It was adopted on 29th January, 2000 and entered into force on 11th September, 2003.
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