question_answer

Explain how Non-Cooperation Movement made Gandhiji a national leader.

Or

Explain why some scholars see partition of India as the culmination of communal politics.

Answer:

About Non-Cooperation Movement, Louis Fisher wrote, ?it became the name of epoch in the life of India, the land of Gandhiji?. Non-Cooperation Movement was negative for British ruler but at the same time was peaceful and positive enough to be effective. It was in South Africa, he first focussed in distinctive technique of non-violent protest known as Satyagrah and promoted harmony between religion.

(i) He successfully organised Satyagraha at Champaran (1917), Ahmedabad and Khera (1918). This was the beginning of Gandhiji?s popularity among the public.

(ii) After Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he called for a campaign of non-cooperation with British rule and joined hands with Khilafat movement.

(iii) Gandhiji became popular amongst Indians because he dressed like them, lived like them and spoke their language.

(iv) When he was in prison in 1924, he devoted himself in constructive work like promotion of home spun khadi clothes, abolition of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity.

Or

Most of the scholars agree that Partition of India was the culmination of communal policies of then British rulers as:

(i) Provinces and princely states were re-organised on the basis of religion and language.

(ii) Gandhiji moved from the villages of Noakhali in East Bengal to the villages in Bihar and riot turned slums to Calcutta in an effort to stop killing of Hindus and Muslims by each other to re-assure the minority community.

(iii) In 1946, Muslims in East Bengal targeted Hindus. Gandhiji visited the villages on foot and persuaded local Muslims to guarantee the safety of Hindus and restore communal harmony.

(iv) On 28th Nov. 1947, on the occasion of Guru Nanak Birthday, there were no Muslims on the Chandni Chowk road. Gandhiji condemned the mentality of Hindus who wanted to drive out every Muslim from the city to Pakistan.

(v) After this, there were no communal riots.

(vi) Refugees were settled down by Indian Government.