question_answer

Mention the six principal organs of the United Nations and describe the functions of any two of them.

Or

Describe the security challenges faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.

Answer:

The principal organs of United Nations systems:

(i) Security Council

(ii) International Court of Justice

(iii) General Assembly

(iv) Secretriat

(v) Economic and Social Council

(vi) Trusteeship Council

Security Council: It has five permanent members (with veto right) and ten elected members i.e., total fifteen members.

(a) It is liable for the maintenance of international peace and security.

(b) May adopt compulsory resolutions.

International Court of Justice: Fifteen judges are elected for nine years by absolute majority in both General Assembly and Security Council based in Hague.

(a) Handling disputes between the states and recognize its jurisdiction.

(b) Issues legal opinions.

(c) Renders judgment by relative majority.

Or

The newly independent third world countries of Asia and Africa are facing the following challenges.

(i) The new countries face the prospect of military conflict with neighbouring countries.

(ii) Internally, these countries are worried about threats from ?Separatists Movement5 which want to form independent countries based on language and religion.

(iii) Many lives were lost in some of these arenas like Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan but the world was spared a nuclear war and global hostilities.

(iv) Sometimes, countries outside the two blocs, for example the non-aligned countries, played a role in reducing cold war conflicts.

(v) Starting in the 1960s, the side i.e., US and USSR signed three significant agreements within a decade. They were-

(a) Limited test ban treaty7, (b) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and (c) And Ballistic missile treaty.