Answer:
Defence Mechanism is a way of reducing anxiety by distorting reality. According to Freud, much of human behaviour reflects an attempt to deal with or escape from anxiety. Thus, how the ego deals with anxiety largely determines how people behave. He believed that people avoid anxiety mainly by developing defence mechanisms that try to defend the ego against the awareness of the instinctual needs. Although some defence against anxiety is normal and adaptive, people who use these mechanisms to such an extent that reality is truly distorted develop various forms of maladjustment. People who use defence mechanisms are often unaware of doing so. Each defence mechanism is a way for the ego to deal with the uncomfortable feelings produced by anxiety. Some of the defence mechanisms are: Repression: In which anxiety provoking behaviours or thoughts are totally dismissed by the unconscious. People become totally unaware of that wish or desire. Thus, when a person says, "I do not know why I did that", some repressed feeling or desire is expressing itself. Projection: People attribute their own traits to others. Denial: A person totally refuses to accept reality. Rationalization: A person tries to make unreasonable feelings or behaviour seem reasonable and acceptable. Reaction Formation: A person defends against anxiety by adopting behaviours opposite to his/her true feelings.
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