Answer:
Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development. The theory lays stress on rational conscious ego processes in personality development. He has proposed eight stages of psychosocial development.
Each stage is an emotional crisis a kind of turning point in personality and each crisis in the stage must be successfully resolved for normal, healthy psycholgical development. The stages are:
(1) Trust versus mistrust (Birth to 1 yr. old): Babies learn to trust or mistrust others based on whether or not their needs such as food and comfort are met.
(2) Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 yr. old): Toddlers realize that they can direct their own behaviour.
(3) Initiative versus guilt (3 to 8 yr. old): Preschoolers are challenged to control their own behaviour, such as controlling their exuberance when they are outside.
(4) Industry versus inferiority (5 to 12 yr. old): When children succeed in learning new skills and obtaining new knowledge, they develop a sense of industry, a feeling of competence arising from their work and effort.
(5) Identity versus role confusion (Adolescence): They are faced with deciding who or what they want to be in terms of occupation, beliefs, attitudes and beahviour pattern.
(6) Intimacy versus isolation (Early Adulthood): The task is to be able to share who they are with another person, in a close committed relationship.
(7) Generativity versus stagnation (Middle Adulthood): Challenge is to be creative, productive and nutrient of the next generation.
(8) Ego Integrity versus despair (Late Adulthood?): Issue is whether a person will reach wisdom, spiritual tranquility, a sense of wholeness and acceptance of his/her life.
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