question_answer

Explain the effects of the Great Depression of 1929 on the Indian economy.

Or

How did cotton factories become an   intimate part of the SOCIAL SCIENCE landscape in the early nineteenth century? Explain.

Or

Describe the role of industrialisation in shaping of the modern cities in England.

Answer:

The great depression of 1929 was a world wide economic depression that lasted for 10 years. It?s kickoff was ?black Thursday? October 24, 1929, the traders sold 12.9 million of shares of stock in one day. It was triple of the usual amount garnered over the next four days. The stock prices fell 23 percent due to the effects of great depressions. It can be explained as ?

(i) The great depression of 1929 devasted the US economy. Half of the banks failed.

(ii) Employment rose upto 25 per cent and homelessness increased.

(iii) Global trade collapsed by 60 per cent.

(iv) Prices fell by 10 per cent per year.

(v) It took 25 years for the stock market to recover, economy shrank 50 percent in the first five years of depression.

Or

Cotton factories became an intimate part of the SOCIAL SCIENCE landscape in the early 19th century. In 19th century, a series of inventions took place and it increased the efficiency of production at every step of the production process, especially in the field of cotton textiles.

The production of cotton involves many steps like

(1) Carding, (2) Twisting, (3) Spinning, (4) Milling    etc.

(i) Due to industrialisation, production output per    worker increased and also the quality of thread and yarn improved.

(ii) Cotton mills were created by the Richard Arkwright. It increased the cloth production all      over the world.

(iii) New machines were purchased by the factory   owners and they setup these machines under one roof. The process became more centralized and was managed well.

(iv) Careful supervision was more needed then in the field of quality, regulation of labour etc.

(v) In the early 19th century, new mills and factories with advanced technology became visible.

Or

The modern cities in England were developing with the help of industrialisation. Industrialisation changed the form of urbanisation in the modern period. Leeds and Manchester were early industrial cities of Britain. Both of the cities attracted lots of migrants to the textile mills setup in the 18th century.

(i) In the end of eighteenth and first half of 19th century, London became the centre of international trade. It attracted large number of traders and merchants from all over the world.

(ii) According to the Historian Gareth Stedman Jones, It (London) became the city of clerk and shopkeepers, small masters and skilled workers, solidiers, casual servants and street sellers.

(iii) Many other major types of industries flourished in the major cities of England like (a) Cloth and footwear industries, (b) Wood and furniture industries, (c) Metal and engineering industries, (d) Printing and stationary industries. Surgical instruments and watches industries etc.

(iv) London started manufacturing of motors and electrical goods.

(v) Construction of roads, railway lines, stations tunnels, drainage and sewer done in 1840? attracted more workers to come to London.