question_answer

?The Government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.? Support this statement with examples.

Or

Compare ?intensive subsistence farming? with that of ?commercial farming? practiced in India.

Answer:

The Government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms under comprehensive Land   Development Programme (LDI) to improve agriculture in the 1980 and.
Land Development Programme:
(i)  Provision for crop insurance against drought flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
(ii) Establishment of Grameen (regional rural) banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
Other Reforms:
Apart from land development programme, government has initiated many other benefit schemes for the farmers.
(i) Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme for giving easy and cheap loans to small farmers. Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) for Kisan Credit Card (KCC) holders.
(ii)  Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced through radio and television channels.
(iii) Government also announced Minimum Support Price (MSP) for various agricultural prod nets like cereals, pulses and others (to check the exploitation of farmers by middlemen).
Or
Intensive Subsistence Farming	Commercial Farming
(i) In this type of farming, crops produced by the farmers are mainly consumed by their families. Surplus production is sold in the nearby local markets.	The farming practice, in which the farmers grow crops for the purpose of trade, it is called commercial farming.
(ii) In this kind of farming, more than one crop is cultivated in the agricultural field.	In this type of farming generally, one crop is cultivated.
(iii) It is labour intensive farming.	Farming is mechanized and is prevalent in areas where farms are large and market economy is well developed
(iv) It depends on monsoon.	It uses modern irrigation methods
(v) It is practiced in small area. Major crops are: food grains, fruits and vegetables.	It is practiced in large area crops: cash crops and cereals