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Food riots, scarcity of grain, increased number of deaths, rising food prices, weaker bodies.
BOX 1
Fig. 8 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, painted by the artist Le Barbier in 1790. The figure on the right represents France.
The figure on the left symbolises the law.
| Source C The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen 1. Men are born and remaid remain free and equal in rights. 2. The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and Inalienalbe rights of man; these are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. 3. The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation; no group or individual may Exercise authority that does not come from the people. 4. Liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not injurious to others. 5. The law has the right to forbid only actions that are injurious to society. 6. Law is the expression of the general will. All. citizens have the right to participate in its formation, personally urIlirough their representatives. All citizens are equal before it. 7. No. man may be accused, iirrosted or detained, except in cases determined by the law. 8. Every citizen may speak, write and print freely; he must take responsibility for the abuse of such liberty in cases determined by the law. 9. For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenses of administration a common tax is indispensable; it must be assessed equally on all citizens in proportion to their means. 10. Since property is a sacred and inviolable right, no one may be deprived of it, unless a legally established public necessity requires it. In that case a just compensation must be given in advance. |
| Source C The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. 2. The aim of every political association is the preservation of the natural and Inalienable rights of man; these are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. 3. The source of all sovereignty resides in the nation; no group or individual may exercise authority that does not come from the people. 4. Liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not injurious to others. 5. The law has the right to forbid only actions that are injurious to society. 6. Law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to participate in its formation, personally or through their representatives. All citizens are equal before it. 7. No man may be accused, arrested or detained, except in cases determined by the law. 8. Every citizen may speak, write and print freely; he must take responsibility for the abuse of such liberty in cases determined by the law. 9. For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenses of administration a common tax is indispensable; it must be assessed equally on all citizens in proportion to their means. 10. Since pr poetry is a sacred and inviolable right, no one may be deprived of it, unless a legally established public necessity requires it. In that case a just compensation must be given in advance. |
| Source G In 1793, the Jacobin politician Chaumette sought to justify the closure of women's clubs on the following grounds: Has Nature entrusted domestic duties to men? Has she given us breasts to nurture babies? No. She said to Man: Be a man. Hunting, agriculture, political duties... that is your kingdom. She said to Woman: Be a woman, the things of the household, the sweet duties of motherhood ...these are your tasks. Shameless are those women, who wish to become men. Have not duties been fairly distributed? |
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