9th Class Social Science The Story of Village Palampur

done 9th Social Science The Story of Village Palampur

• question_answer1) The following table 1.1 shows that the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided.   (i) What does the graph show? (ii) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?   (iii) You have read about the crops grown in Palampur. Fill the following table based on the information on the crops grown in your region.    

  Name of crops	Month Sown	Month Harvested	Source of irrigation (Rain, tanks, tubewells, canals etc.)

     
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• question_answer2) What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?  

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• question_answer3) The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.                                                               Production of Pulses and Wheat

  YEAR	Production of Pulses	Production of Wheat
  1965-66 1970-71 1980-81 1990-90 2000-01	10 12 11 14 11	10 24 36 55 70

   
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• question_answer4) What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?

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• question_answer5) Modern farming methods require the farmers to start with more cash than before. Why?  

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• question_answer6) In the picture 1.5 can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers?                           

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• question_answer7) Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land?  

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• question_answer8) The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land their cultivate is given in the following graph 1.1. Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India?

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• question_answer9) Identify the work being done on the field in the picture 1.6 and arrange them in proper sequence.                                                                     Fig.1.6

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• question_answer10) Why are farm labourers like Dala and Ramkali poor?

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• question_answer11) Gosaipur and Majauli are two villages in-North Bihar. Out of the 850 households in the two villages there are more than 250 men who are employed in rural Punjab and Haryana or in Delhi, Mumbai, Surat, and Nagpur etc.   Why do people migrate? Can you describe based on your imagination the work the migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli might do at the place of destination.  

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• question_answer12) Let us fill in the blanks given below.   Among the three factors of production, we found that labour is the most abundant factor of production. There are many people who are willing to work as farm labourers in the villages, whereas the Opportunities of work are limited. They belong to either landless families or ____. They are paid low wages, and lead a difficult life.   In contrast to labour, ________ is a scarce factor of production. Cultivated land area is _____. Moreover, even the existing land is distributed _______ (equally/unequally) among the people engaged in farming. There are a large number of small farmers who cultivate small plots of land and live in conditions not much better than the landless farm labourer. To make the maximum use of the existing land, farmers use _____ and _______. Both these have led to increase in production of crops.   Modem farming methods require a great deal of_______. Small farmers usually need to borrow money to arrange for the capital, and are put to great distress to repay the loan. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.  Though both land and capital are scarce, there is a basic difference between the two factors of production.   ______ is a natural resource, whereas ______ is man-made.It is possible to increase capital, whereas land is fixed. Therefore, it is very important that we take good care of land and other natural resources used in farming.  

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• question_answer13) Let us take 3 farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see column 2). The consumption of wheat by each family is the same (column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year’s production.Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production. (i) Complete the tables.   Farmer 1

  	Production	Consumption	Surplus=Production-Consumption	Capital for the next year
  Year 1 Year 2 Year 3	100 120	40 40 40	60	60

  Farmer 2

  	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for the next year
  Year 1 Year 2 Year 3	80	40 40 40		60

  Farmer 3

  	Production	Consumption	Surplus	Capital for the next year
  Year 1 Year 2 Year 3	60	40 40 40

    (ii) Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years. (iii) What happens to farmer 3 in year 3? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?  
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• question_answer14) Mishrilal has purchased a mechanical sugarcane crushing machine run on electricity and has set up on his field. Sugarcane crushing was earlier done with the help of bullock, but people prefer to do it by machines these days. Mishrilal also buys sugarcane from other farmers and processes it into jaggery. The jaggery is then sold to traders as Shahpur. In this process, Mishrilal makes a small profit.   (i) What capital did Mishrilal need to set up his jiggery manufacturing unit?   (ii) Who provides the labour in this case?   (iii) Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit?   (iv) Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss?   (v) Why does Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?

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• question_answer15) Kareem has opened a computer class centre in the village. In recent years, a large number of students have been attending college in Shahpur town. Kareem found that number students from the village are also attending computer classes in the town. There were two women in the village who had a degree in computer applications. He decided to employ them. He bought computers and set up the classes in the front room of their house overlooking the market. High school students have started attending them in good numbers.   (i) In what way is Kareem's capital and labour different from Mishrilal?   (ii) Why didn't someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.

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• question_answer16) Kishora is a farm labourer. Like other such labourers, Kishora found it difficult to meet his family's needs from the wages he received. A few years back Kishora took a loan from the bank. This was under a government programme which was giving cheap loans to the poor landless households. Kishora bought a buffalo with this money. He now sells the buffalo's milk. Further he has attached a wooden cart to his buffalo and uses it to transport various items. Once a week he goes to the river Ganga to bring back clay for the potter. Or sometimes he goes to Shahpur with a load of jaggery or other commodities. Every month he gets some work in transport. As a result, Kishora is able to earn more than what he used to do some years back.     (i) What is Kishora's fixed capital?   (ii) What do you think would be his working capital?   (iii) In how many production activities is Kishora involved?   (iv) Would you say that Kishora has benefited from better roads in Palampur?

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• question_answer17) Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the census and some of the details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.   (a) LOCATION                 (b) TOTAL AREA OF THE VILLAGE     (c) LAND USE (in hectares)    

  Cultivate Land		Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads ponds, grazing ground)
  lrrigated	Unirrigated
  		26 hectares

    (d) FACILITIES                                   

  Educational
  Medical
  Market
  Electricity supply
  Communication
  Nearest town

        
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• question_answer18) Modern farming methods require more input which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?  

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• question_answer19) How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?

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• question_answer20) Is it important to increase the area under irrigation why?  

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• question_answer21) Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.

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• question_answer22) Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?

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• question_answer23) In your region,talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?

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• question_answer24) What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.

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• question_answer25) Describe the work of a fanner with 1 hectare of land?

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• question_answer26) How did the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?

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• question_answer27) On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita's condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?  

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• question_answer28) Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.

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• question_answer29) What are the nonfarm activities taking place in your region (or Palampur)? Make a short list.

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• question_answer30) What can be done so that non-farm production activities can be started in villages?  

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