# 4th Class Mental Ability Direction Sense Test Direction and Distance

## Direction and Distance

Category : 4th Class

Direction and Distance

OBJECTIVES

·      Students will develop the ability to trace and follow the logical path correctly and sense of direction correctly as will.

INTRODUCTION

Direction is a measurement of position of one thing with respect to another thing.

Displacement is the measurement of distance between initial and the final point. Direction and distance test mainly deals with two types of directions i.e. main directions and cardinal directions.

MAIN DIRECTIONS

There are four type of directions, viz, East, West, North and South as shown below. The word 'NEWS' stands for the information of all four directions.

CARDINAL DIRECTIONS

A direction between two main directions is called cardinal direction.  Clearly there are four cardinal directions.

(i) N-E (North-East)

(ii) N-W (North-West)

(iii) S-E (South-East) and

(iv) S-W (South-West)

Note: Angle formed between two main directions is $90{}^\circ$ and angle formed between a cardinal direction and main direction is $45{}^\circ$as shown in the above diagram.

ROTATION OF ANGLES

(i) For right direction movement (Clockwise)

(ii) For left direction movement (Anti-clockwise)

Left turn Anti-clockwise direction

Right turn Clockwise direction

The change in direction when a person or vehicle takes a right or a left turn

 Direction before taking the turn Direction in which the person or vehicle will be moving after taking turn Right Left North East West South West East East South North West North South

In Morning/Sunrise time

(a)   If a person facing towards Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in west.

(b)   If a person facing towards South, the shadow will be towards his right.

(c)    If a person facing towards West, the shadow will be towards his front.

(d)   If a person facing towards North, the shadow will be towards his left.

In Evening/Sunset time

(a)   If a person facing towards Sun, the shadow will be towards his back or in East.

(b)   If a person facing towards North, the shadow will be towards his right.

(c)    If a person facing towards East, the shadow will be towards his front.

(d)   If a person facing towards South, the shadow will be towards his left.

Note: At 12:00 noon there is no shadow because the rays of the Sun are vertically downward.

Types of Direction and Distance

Type 1: Final Direction Based

In these types of questions, we have to ascertain the final direction with respect to the initial point or the directional relations between two points/things.

Examples

1.         A man is facing towards West and turns through $45{}^\circ$ clockwise, again $180{}^\circ$ clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?

(a) West                         (b) North-West

(c) North                        (d) South-East

Ans.     (d)

Explanation:

Finally on moving $180{}^\circ$ clockwise, he faces in the direction which is South-East.

Type 2: Distance (Displacement) Based

In this type of questions, we deal with the final distance between starting and final point or between two points/persons/things. There are various formats/ patterns of displacement.

2.         Mayank walks 20 m North Then, he turns right and walks 30 m. Now, he turns right and walks 20 m. How far is he from his original position?

(a) 15 m                        (b) 30 m

(b) 25 m                        (d) 45 m

Ans.     (b)

Explanation:

Type 3: Distance (Displacement) and Direction Based

In this type of questions, we deal with the final distance between starting and final point of any person/object/thing. There are various formats/patterns of distance and direction.

3.         A tourist drives 10 Km towards East and turns to the right hand and drives 3 Km. Then, he drives towards West (turning to his right) 10 Km. He, then turns to his left and drives 2 Km. How far is he from his starting point and in which direction would he be?

(a) 10 Km, East              (b) 5 Km, North

(c) 8 Km, West               (d) 5 Km, South

Ans.     (d) Starting Point

Here, AD = BC = 3 Km

$\therefore$ Required distance AE=AD+DE=3+2=5 Km

His final point is E which is in South direction from starting point A

4.         Sunny is facing the temple. If he turns to his left, he will face the Mail He turns ______ to his left.

(a) $\frac{1}{4}$ turn                (b) $\frac{1}{3}$ turn

(c) $\frac{1}{2}$turn                 (d) $\frac{3}{4}$ turn

Ans.     (c)

Explanation:

So, Sunny turns $\frac{1}{2}$turn to his left.

5.         Which point is east of B?

(a) A                             (b) D

(c) O                             (d) C

Ans.     (d)

Explanation:

So, point C is east of B.

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