Answer:
The
1848 revolution of the liberals was led by the educated middle classes.
Its main features were:
(i) Constitutionalism with National Unification: Along
with the revolts of the poor, unemployed, starving peasants and workers in many
European countries, the educated middle class also revolted. Men and women of the
liberal middle classes combined their demands for constitutionalism with
national unification. They demanded creation of a new nation-state on
parliamentary principles?a constitution and freedom of press and association.
(ii) Frankfurt Parliament: In German regions, a large
number of political associations of the middle class professionals, businessmen
and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to
vote for the all German National Assembly On 18th May 1848, 831 elected
representatives marched to take their places in the Frankfurt Parliament. They
drafted a constitution for a German nation headed by a monarchy, subject to a
parliament.
(iii) Issue of Women: In the liberal movement, a large
number of women had participated actively. Women had formed their own political
associations, and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations. Despite
that, they were denied the right to vote.
(iv) Liberals' Support: Monarchs were able to realise that
revolutions could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberals. Hence,
the autocratic monarchs of central and eastern Europe introduced the changes,
abolished serfdom and bonded labour.
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