Answer:
When
an abstract idea is expressed through a person or a thing, it is called an
allegory. It is the personification of a country.
While it is easy enough to represent a ruler through a portrait or a
statue, it is difficult to give a face to a nation. Artists in the 18th and
19th centuries found a way out by personifying a nation. In other words, they
represented a country as if it were a person. Nations were then portrayed as
female figures.
The female form that was chosen to personify the nation
did not stand for any particular woman in real life, rather it would give an
abstract idea of the nation in concrete form. This is how the female figure
became an allegory of the nation.
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