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question_answer1) Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever. Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it bums the flame of love... Non-violence is the supreme dharma... Read the above passage and answer the following questions: (a) Who spoke these words? (b) Explain two differences between physical force and soul-force, with examples. [AI 2008]
question_answer2) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: On 6 January 1921, the police in United Provinces fired at peasants near Rae Bareli. Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to go to the place of firing, but was stopped by the police. Agitated and angry, Nehru addressed the peasants who gathered around him. This is how he later described the meeting: 'They behaved as brave men, calm and unruffled in the face of danger. I do not know how they felt but I know what my feelings were. For a moment my blood was up, non-violence was almost forgotten-but for a moment only. The thought of the great leader, who by God's goodness has been sent to lead us to victory, came to me, and I saw the kisan's seated and standing near me, less excited, more peaceful than I was-and the moment of weakness passed. I spoke to them in all humility on non-violence-I needed the lesson more than they-and they heeded me and peacefully dispersed'. [AI 2008] (a) What is the source of the above passage? (b) What were Nehru's feelings and how did he change them?
question_answer3) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 'We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these, rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally, and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.' (a) When was this pledge to be taken? (b) Explain the rights of the Indian people which they should have got. [AI 2008]
question_answer4) Study the given statement and answer the questions that follow: 'It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own....' (a) Who is this great man who spoke these words? (b) Give two arguments in support of this statement. [Foreign 2008]
question_answer5) Study the given passage and answer the questions that follow: Communalism in its higher aspect, then, is indispensable to the formation of a harmonious whole in a country like India. The units of Indian society are not territorial as in European countries ... The principle of European democracy cannot be applied to India without recognising the fact of communal groups. The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is, therefore, perfectly justified...' (a) Name the person who gave this, statement. (b) Do you agree with this statement? Support your views with two arguments. [Foreign 2008]
question_answer6) Study the given passage and answer the questions that follow: I have no hesitation in declaring that if the principle that the Indian Muslim is entitled to full and free development on the lines of his own culture and tradition in his own Indian home-lands is recognised as the basis of a permanent communal settlement, he will be ready to stake his all for the freedom of India. The principle that each group is entitled to free development on its own lines is not inspired by any feeling of narrow communalism ... A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs, laws, religions and social institutions of other communities. Nay, it is my duty according to the teachings of the Quran, even to defend their places of worship, if need be. Yet I love the communal group which is the source of life and behaviour and which has formed me what I am by giving me its religion, its literature, its-thought, its culture and thereby its whole past as a living operative factor in my present consciousness ...' (a) Name the person whose feelings have been expressed in the passage given above. (b) Do you agree with the fact that if all groups are given the option of development on their own lines then there would be harmonious relations among all communities? Give two arguments in favour of your answer. [Foreign 2008]
question_answer7) "Satyagraha is not a physical force. A 'Satyagrahi' does not inflict pain on the adversary. He does not seek his destruction.......... In the use of Satyagraha ..........there is no ill-will whatever". Gandhi. Read the extract carefully and answer the following questions: (a) According to Gandhiji how does a 'Satyagrahi' tackle his adversary? (b) What attitude does he have towards him? (c) What kind offeree would he use to win over him?
question_answer8) It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can call of them become, as they arc becoming bearer of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They can made the religion of non-violence their own." Gandhiji on Satyagraha. Read the extract given above and answer the following questions: (a) What impression did Gandhiji have about power of Britain and Europe? (b) Why can't India rival Britain? (c) Why can't Indians carry arms?
question_answer9) "Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imperceptible birthright of all. The labour is the real sustainer of society. To the altar of revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are content. We await the advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad". Remarks of Bhagat Singh. Read the excerpt carefully and answer the following questions: (a) How is revolution reflected in this paragraph? (b) According to this passage, what is the birthright of all? (c) What socialist trend is expressed in this passage? (d) For what magnificent cause were the youth brought as incense at the altar of revolution?
question_answer10) "The Hindu thinks that separate electorates are contrary to the spirit of nationalism because he understands the word 'nation' to mean a kind of universal amalgamation in which no communal entity ought to retain its private individuality. Such a state of things however does not exist. India is land of racial and religious variety. Add to this the general economic inferiority of the Muslims, their enormous debt, especially in the Punjab and their insufficient majorities in some of the provinces as at present constituted and you will begin to see clearly the meaning of our anxiety to retain separate electorates" [Muhamnad Iqbal, 1930]. Read the extract and answer the following questions: (a) In Iqbal's opinion why was Hind opinion about communal electorate not acceptable? (b) Why did he think that separate electorate was necessary for the Muslims?
question_answer11) Study the given picture carefully and answer the following questions: (a) Which famous historical event does the picture depict? (b) What movement started as a result? Why was it called off?
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