Answer:
The
main causes of widespread poverty are:
(i) The low level of economic development under the British colonial administration
was one of the main causes of poverty. The policies of the colonial government
ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries
like textiles.
(ii) High growth rate of population also contributed
towards rise in poverty levels. It made the growth rate of per capita income
very low.
(iii) With the growth in irrigation and the Green
Revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agricultural sector. But
the effects were limited to some parts of India.
(iv) Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people
started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic
servants, etc.,
with irregular and small income. These people lived in
slums on the outskirts of the cities.
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